λ³Έλ¬Έ λ°”λ‘œκ°€κΈ°

빈 ꡬ멍 μ±„μš°κΈ°

[μ†ŒνŠΈν”„μ›¨μ–΄ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ§] Software Engineering at Google 읽고 기둝 _ Chapter 3

Software Engineering at Google

Curated by Titus Winters, Tom Manshreck & Hyrum Wright

 

7.

 

μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Challenges to Learning

 

Sharing expertise across an organization is not an easy task. Without a strong culture of learning, challenges can emerge. Google has experienced a number of these challenges, especially as the company has scaled:

 

쑰직에 μ „λ¬Έ 지식을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ‰¬μš΄ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 배움에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ λ¬Έν™”κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•  수 있죠. νšŒμ‚¬κ°€ ν™•μž₯됨에 λ”°λΌμ„œ ꡬ글은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ§Žμ€ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

Lack of psychological safety
An environment in which people are afraid to take risks or make mistakes in front of others because they fear being punished for it. This often manifests as a culture of fear or a tendency to avoid transparency.

 

심리적 μ•ˆμ •κ°μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±

μ²˜λ²Œλ°›μ„ 것 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ•žμ—μ„œ μ‹€μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’…μ’… 곡포 λ¬Έν™”λ‚˜ 투λͺ…성을 ν”Όν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Information islands
Knowledge fragmentation that occurs in different parts of an organization that don’t communicate with one another or use shared resources. In such an environment, each group develops its own way of doing things. This often leads to the following:

    Information fragmentation
Each island has an incomplete picture of the bigger whole.

    Information duplication
Each island has reinvented its own way of doing something.

    Information skew
Each island has its own ways of doing the same thing, and these might or might not conflict.

 

정보 섬듀

μ„œλ‘œ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ 곡유 μžμ›λ“€μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 쑰직의 λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ€μ„œλ“€κ°„μ— λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 지식 νŒŒνŽΈν™”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 각 그룹은 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³ μœ ν•œ 방법을 κ°œλ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정보 νŒŒνŽΈν™”λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ μƒν™©λ“€λ‘œ μ’…μ’… μ΄μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

    정보 νŒŒνŽΈν™”

각 섬은 더 큰 전체에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆˆμ™„μ „ν•œ 그림을 κ°€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

    정보 쀑볡

각 섬은 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³ μœ ν•œ 방법듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ°Ύμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

    정보 λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­

각 섬은 같은 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” κ³ μœ ν•œ 방법듀을 가지고, 이 방법듀은 μ„œλ‘œ μΆ©λŒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μΆ©λŒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Single point of failure (SPOF)
A bottleneck that occurs when critical information is available from only a single person. This is related to bus factor, which is discussed in more detail in Chapter 2.
SPOFs can arise out of good intentions: it can be easy to fall into a habit of “Let me take care of that for you.” But this approach optimizes for short-term efficiency (“It’s faster for me to do it”) at the cost of poor long-term scalability (the team never learns how to do whatever it is that needs to be done). This mindset also tends to lead to all-or-nothing expertise.

 

단일 μ‹€νŒ¨ 지점

였직 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œμ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ λ•Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 병λͺ©ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 챕터 2μ—μ„œ 더 μžμ„Έν•˜κ²Œ λ…Όμ˜λœ λ²„μŠ€ μš”μΈκ³Ό 관련이 있죠.

단일 μ‹€νŒ¨ 지점은 쒋은 μ˜λ„μ—μ„œ 생겼을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‚΄κ°€ 당신을 μœ„ν•΄ μ²˜λ¦¬ν• κ²Œμš”."λΌλŠ” μŠ΅κ΄€μ— 빠지기 쉽죠. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ ‘κ·Ό 방법은 단기적인 νš¨μœ¨μ„±("그건 λ‚΄κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 게 더 λΉ λ₯΄μ§€")λ₯Ό μ΅œμ ν™”ν•˜κ³  μž₯기적인 ν™•μž₯μ„±(νŒ€μ€ 해야될 일이 무엇이든 간에 κ·Έ 방법을 κ²°μ½” λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. )은 ν˜•νŽΈμ—†μ–΄μ§€λŠ” λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό μΉ˜λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 사고방식은 λ˜ν•œ μ „λΆ€-λ˜λŠ”-μ „λ¬΄ν•œ μ „λ¬Έ 지식 μƒν™©μœΌλ‘œ 이어지곀 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

All-or-nothing expertise
A group of people that is split between people who know “everything” and novices, with little middle ground. This problem often reinforces itself if experts always do everything themselves and don’t take the time to develop new experts through mentoring or documentation. In this scenario, knowledge and responsibilities continue to accumulate on those who already have expertise, and new team members or novices are left to fend for themselves and ramp up more slowly.

 

μ „λΆ€-λ˜λŠ”-μ „λ¬΄ν•œ μ „λ¬Έ 지식

"λͺ¨λ“  것"을 μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μ΄ˆλ³΄μžλ“€λ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰˜λŠ”, 쀑간 지점이 거의 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ·Έλ£Ήμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 전문가듀이 항상 슀슀둜 λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν•˜κ³ , λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ§μ΄λ‚˜ λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό 톡해 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‹œκ°„μ„ 쓰지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ’…μ’… 자체적으둜 κ°•ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œλ‚˜λ¦¬μ˜€μ—μ„œ  지식과 μ±…μž„κ°μ€ 이미 지식을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λͺ¨μ΄κ³ , μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νŒ€μ›λ“€κ³Ό μ΄ˆλ³΄μžλ“€μ€ 슀슀둜 κ³ νˆ¬ν•˜λ©° 더 천천히 μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ‚¨κ²¨μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Parroting
Mimicry without understanding. This is typically characterized by mindlessly copying patterns or code without understanding their purpose, often under the assumption that said code is needed for unknown reasons.

 

μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ²˜λŸΌ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜κΈ°

μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 일반적으둜 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ΄μœ λ“€λ‘œ 인해 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ½”λ“œλΌλŠ” κ°€μ •ν•˜μ— μ’…μ’…, λͺ©μ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œμ±„ νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄λ‚˜ μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 무심코 λ³΅μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Haunted graveyards
Places, often in code, that people avoid touching or changing because they are afraid that something might go wrong. Unlike the aforementioned parroting, haunted graveyards are characterized by people avoiding action because of fear and superstition.

 

유령이 좜λͺ°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬˜μ§€

μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무언가 잘λͺ»λ˜λŠ”κ²Œ λ‘λ €μ›Œμ„œ λ§Œμ§€κ±°λ‚˜ λ³€κ²½ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν”Όν•˜λŠ”, μ’…μ’… μ½”λ“œ μ•ˆμ—μ„œμ˜ μ§€μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•žμ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ μ•΅λ¬΄μƒˆμ²˜λŸΌ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜κΈ°μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ, 유령이 좜λͺ°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬˜μ§€λ“€μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 두렀움과 λ―Έμ‹ μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν”Όν•˜λŠ” 것이 νŠΉμ§•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

8.

μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Philosophy

 

Software engineering can be defined as the multiperson development of multiversion programs. People are at the core of software engineering: code is an important output but only a small part of building a product. Crucially, code does not emerge spontaneously out of nothing, and neither does expertise. Every expert was once a novice: an organization’s success depends on growing and investing in its people.

 

μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ 곡학은 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ²„μ „μ˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ κ³΅ν•™μ˜ ν•΅μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ½”λ“œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ¬Όμ΄κΈ°λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜ 생산물을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μž‘μ€ 뢀뢄일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ²°μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ, μ½”λ“œλŠ” λ¬΄μ—μ„œ 유둜 μ €μ ˆλ‘œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , 전문지식도 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  전문가듀은 ν•œ λ•Œ μ΄ˆλ³΄μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰직의 성곡은  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κΈ°λ₯΄κ³  νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” 것에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Tribal and written knowledge complement each other. Even a perfectly expert team with perfect documentation needs to communicate with one another, coordinate with other teams, and adapt their strategies over time. No single knowledge-sharing approach is the correct solution for all types of learning, and the particulars of a good mix will likely vary based on your organization. Institutional knowledge evolves over time, and the knowledge-sharing methods that work best for your organization will likely change as it grows. Train, focus on learning and growth, and build your own stable of experts: there is no such thing as too much engineering expertise.

 

μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 집단과 λ¬Έμ„œν™”λœ 지식은 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ™„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™„λ²½ν•œ λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό 가진 μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ νŒ€μΌμ§€λΌλ„ μ„œλ‘œ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ νŒ€κ³Ό μ‘°μ •ν•˜λ©° μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에 따라 μ „λž΅μ„ 보완해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μŠ΅ μœ ν˜•μ— κ΄€ν•œ ν•œ κ°€μ§€μ˜ 지식 곡유 방식(μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ—κ²Œλ§Œ 지식 전달, λ˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ„œμƒμœΌλ‘œλ§Œ 지식 전달)은 μ˜³μ€ 해결책이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ , 쒋은 ν˜Όν•© 방식(전문가와 λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ 지식 곡유)의 세뢀사항은 쑰직에 따라 λ‹€μ–‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰직의 지식은 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 지남에 따라 λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³ , 쑰직에 κ°€μž₯ μ ν•©ν•œ 지식 곡유 방법은 쑰직이 μ„±μž₯함에 따라 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν›ˆλ ¨ν•˜κ³ , 배움과 μ„±μž₯에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³ , λ‹Ήμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 그룹을 μ„Έμš°μ„Έμš”. λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ³Όν•˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ§ μ „λ¬Έ 지식 같은 건 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

9.

μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Setting the Stage: Psychological Safety

 

Psychological safety is critical to promoting a learning environment.

 

심리적인 μ•ˆμ •κ°μ€ ν•™μŠ΅ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

An enormous part of learning is being able to try things and feeling safe to fail. In a healthy environment, people feel comfortable asking questions, being wrong, and learning new things. This is a baseline expectation for all Google teams; indeed, our research has shown that psychological safety is the most important part of an effective team.

 

λ°°μ›€μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό 큰 뢀뢄은 무언가λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•΄λ„ 되고, μ‹€νŒ¨ν•΄λ„ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜κ³ , 틀렀도 보고, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것듀을 λ°°μš°λŠ” 것에 νŽΈμ•ˆν•¨μ„ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 λͺ¨λ“  ꡬ글 νŒ€λ“€μ˜ 기본적인 κΈ°λŒ€μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 우리의 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 심리적인 μ•ˆμ •κ°μ΄ 효율적인 νŒ€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

10

μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Setting the Stage: Psychological Safety / Mentorship

 

At Google, we try to set the tone as soon as a “Noogler” (new Googler) engineer joins the company. One important way of building psychological safety is to assign Nooglers a mentor—someone who is not their team member, manager, or tech lead—whose responsibilities explicitly include answering questions and helping the Noogler
ramp up. Having an officially assigned mentor to ask for help makes it easier for the newcomer and means that they don’t need to worry about taking up too much of their coworkers’ time.

 

κ΅¬κΈ€μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆ„κΈ€λŸ¬(Noogler, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡬ글 직원) μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄κ°€ νšŒμ‚¬μ— κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 빨리 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λ„λ‘ λΆ„μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‘°μ„±ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 심리적 μ•ˆμ •κ°μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 방법은 λˆ„κΈ€λŸ¬μ—κ²Œ λ©˜ν† (λˆ„κΈ€λŸ¬μ˜ νŒ€ 멀버, λ§€λ‹ˆμ €, 기술 리더가 μ•„λ‹Œ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ 말이죠)λ₯Ό μ§€μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ©˜ν† λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•˜κ³  λˆ„κΈ€λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ•λŠ” λͺ…μ‹œμ μΈ ν™•μ‹€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ •λœ λ©˜ν† κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ‹ κ·œ μž…μ‚¬μžκ°€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜λ„λ‘ 돕고 μ‹ κ·œμž…μ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄ λ™λ£Œλ“€μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λΉΌμ•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€ λΌλŠ” 걱정을 ν•  ν•„μš”μ—†λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Mentorship formalizes and facilitates learning, but learning itself is an ongoing process. There will always be opportunities for coworkers to learn from one another, whether it’s a new employee joining the organization or an experienced engineer learning a new technology. With a healthy team, teammates will be open not just to answering but also to asking questions: showing that they don’t know something and learning from one another.

 

 λ©˜ν† λ§μ€ 배움을 κ³΅μ‹ν™”ν•˜κ³  κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 배움 μžμ²΄λŠ” 지속적인 κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 항상 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ  λ°°μš°λŠ” κΈ°νšŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 직원이 μž…μ‚¬ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μˆ™λ ¨λœ μ—”μ§€ν‹°λ„ˆκ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ°°μš°λ“ μ§€ κ°„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±΄κ°•ν•œ νŒ€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ νŒ€μ›λ“€μ€ λ‹΅λ³€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜λŠ” 것에도 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것을 보여주고, μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ°°μš°λŠ” κ±°μ£ .

 

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μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Setting the Stage: Psychological Safety / Psychological Safety in Large Groups

 

Table 3-1. Group interaction patterns 쑰직 μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© νŒ¨ν„΄λ“€

Recommended patterns (cooperative)
ꢌμž₯ νŒ¨ν„΄λ“€(ν˜‘λ ₯적)
Antipatterns (adversarial)
λ°˜λŒ€ νŒ¨ν„΄ (μ λŒ€μ )
Basic questions or mistakes are guided in the proper direction
기본적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” μ μ ˆν•œ λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ•ˆλ‚΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Basic questions or mistakes are picked on, and the person asking the question is chastised
기본적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ³ λ₯΄κ³  κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κΎΈμ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Explanations are given with the intent of helping the person asking the question learn
μ„€λͺ…은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ λ•κΈ°μœ„ν•œ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Explanations are given with the intent of showing off one’s own knowledge
μ„€λͺ…이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 지식을 μžλž‘ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Responses are kind, patient, and helpful
μΉœμ ˆν•˜κ³  μΈλ‚΄μ‹¬μžˆμœΌλ©° 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ°˜μ‘/닡변을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Responses are condescending, snarky, and unconstructive
μž˜λ‚œ μ²΄ν•˜κ³  μ§œμ¦λ‚΄λ©° 건섀적이지 μ•Šμ€ λ°˜μ‘/닡변을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Interactions are shared discussions for finding solutions
해결책을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜κ²¬μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Interactions are arguments with “winners” and “losers”
"승자"와 "패자"κ°€ λ…ΌμŸν•˜λŠ” μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
These antipatterns can emerge unintentionally: someone might be trying to be helpful but is accidentally condescending and unwelcoming. We find the Recurse Center’s social rules to be helpful here:

No feigned surprise (“What?! I can’t believe you don’t know what the stack is!”)
Feigned surprise is a barrier to psychological safety and makes members of the group afraid of admitting to a lack of knowledge.

No “well-actuallys”
Pedantic corrections that tend to be about grandstanding rather than precision.

No back-seat driving
Interrupting an existing discussion to offer opinions without committing to the conversation

No subtle “-isms” (“It’s so easy my grandmother could do it!”)
Small expressions of bias (racism, ageism, homophobia) that can make individuals feel unwelcome, disrespected, or unsafe.

 

μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°˜λŒ€ νŒ¨ν„΄λ“€μ€ μ˜λ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ 도움이지 되고자 λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμœΌλ‚˜ λœ»ν•˜μ§€μ•Šκ²Œ μž˜λ‚œμ²΄ν•˜κ³  λ‹¬κ°€μ›Œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Recurse μ„Όν„°μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ΄ 여기에 도움이 λ˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

λ†€λΌλŠ” μ²™ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”("뭐?! μŠ€νƒμ΄ 뭔지 λͺ¨λ₯΄λ‹€λ‹ˆ!")

λ†€λΌλŠ” 척은 심리적 μ•ˆμ •κ°μ— μž₯벽이 되고, κ·Έ 쑰직의 일원듀이 μ§€μ‹μ˜ 뢀쑱을 μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

"음, μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 말이지" κΈˆμ§€

학식이 κΉŠμ–΄ 보이기 μœ„ν•œ 정정은 μ •ν™•μ„±λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ³Όμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ˜λ„λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 

 

λ’·μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μš΄μ „ κΈˆμ§€

λŒ€ν™”μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄μ„œ μ˜κ²¬λ§Œμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κΈ°μ‘΄ 토둠을 μ€‘λ‹¨μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ "-즘" κΈˆμ§€("이건 우리 ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ 정도 μ‰¬μš΄λ°!")

개인이 λΆˆνŽΈν•˜κ³  쑴쀑받지 λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆμ•ˆν•¨μ„ 느끼게 ν•˜λŠ” (인쒅, λ‚˜μ΄, 동성애 λ“±μ˜)편견이 λ‹΄κΈ΄ 짧은 ν‘œν˜„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

 

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μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Setting the Stage: Psychological Safety / Growing Your Knowledge / Ask Questions

 

It doesn’t matter whether you’re new to a team or a senior leader: you should always be in an environment in which there’s something to learn. If not, you stagnate (and should find a new environment).

 

당신이 νŒ€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ“ , μ‹œλ‹ˆμ–΄ 리더이든 상관없이, 당신은 항상 무언가λ₯Ό 배울 ν™˜κ²½μ— μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ μ •μ²΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (그리고 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.)

 

It’s especially critical for those in leadership roles to model this behavior: it’s important not to mistakenly equate “seniority” with “knowing everything.” In fact, the more you know, the more you know you don’t know. Openly asking questions  or expressing gaps in knowledge reinforces that it’s OK for others to do the same.

 

μ§€λ„μž 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 행동을 본보기둜 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μƒκΈ‰μžμž„"이 "λͺ¨λ“  것을 λ‹€ μ•ˆλ‹€"라고 잘λͺ»λ˜κ²Œ λ™μΌμ‹œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀, 더 많이 μ•Œμˆ˜λ‘ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 게 더 λ§Žμ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 곡개적으둜 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ§€μ‹μ˜ 격차λ₯Ό λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

On the receiving end, patience and kindness when answering questions fosters an environment in which people feel safe looking for help. Making it easier to overcome the initial hesitation to ask a question sets the tone early: reach out to solicit questions, and make it easy for even “trivial” questions to get an answer. Although engineers could probably figure out tribal knowledge on their own, they’re not here to work in a vacuum. Targeted help allows engineers to be productive faster, which in turn makes their entire team more productive.

 

μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›λŠ” μͺ½μ—μ„œλŠ” 말이죠, μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•  λ•Œμ˜ 인내심과 μΉœμ ˆν•¨μ΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 도움을 μš”μ²­ν•  λ•Œ νŽΈμ•ˆν•¨μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜λŠ” 데 처음의 주저함을 μ‰½κ²Œ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λΆ„μœ„κΈ°κ°€ 일찍 μ‘°μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 손을 λ‚΄λ°€κ³ , "μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ" μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€ μ‘°μ°¨ 닡을 μ‰½κ²Œ 얻도둝 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ΄ μ•„λ―Έ 슀슀둜 μ‰½κ²Œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ 지식일지라도, 그듀은 아무 것도 μ—†λŠ” μ§„κ³΅μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ €κ³  μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ 삼은 도움은 μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ˜ 생산성을 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 높이고, 결과적으둜 νŒ€ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 생산성을 μ¦μ§„μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

13

 

μœ„μΉ˜ : PART II Culture / Chapter 3: Knowledge Sharing / Setting the Stage: Psychological Safety / Growing Your Knowledge / Understand Context

 

Consider the principle of “Chesterson’s fence”: before removing or changing something, first understand why it’s there.

In the matter of reforming things, as distinct from deforming them, there is one plain and simple principle; a principle which will probably be called a paradox. There exists in such a case a certain institution or law; let us say, for the sake of simplicity, a fence or gate erected across a road. The more modern type of reformer goes gaily up to it and says, “I don’t see the use of this; let us clear it away.” To which the more intelligent type of reformer will do well to answer: “If you don’t see the use of it, I certainly won’t let you clear it away. Go away and think. Then, when you can come back and tell me that you do see the use of it, I may allow you to destroy it.”

"μ²΄μŠ€ν†€μ˜ μšΈνƒ€λ¦¬" 원칙을 κ³ λ €ν•©μ‹œλ‹€. 무언가λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ°”κΎΈκΈ° 전에, μ™œ 이것이 κ±°κΈ° μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ¨Όμ € μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

무언가 κ°œν˜ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ, λ³€ν˜•μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ, ν•œ 가지 λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ³  λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 원리가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ§ˆ 역섀이라고 뢈릴 μ›μΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŠΉμ • κΈ°κ΄€μ΄λ‚˜ 법에 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ²½μš°κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”, κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ 길을 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬μ„œ μšΈνƒ€λ¦¬λ‚˜ 문이 μ„Έμ›Œμ Έμžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 더 ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ κ°œν˜κ°€λŠ” μœ μΎŒν•˜κ²Œ λ‹€κ°€κ°€μ„œ "μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μš©λ„λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”. μΉ˜μ›Œλ²„λ¦¬μ£ ."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 지적인 κ°œν˜κ°€λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 λ‹΅ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€ "μš©λ„λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ‹€λ©΄, 이것을 μΉ˜μ›Œλ²„λ¦¬λΌκ³  말할 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€μ„œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 그리고, λ‹€μ‹œ λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ λ‚΄κ²Œ μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μš©λ„λ₯Ό 말해쀄 수 μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ— μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ 파괴λ₯Ό ν—ˆμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."

 

Seek out and understand context, especially for decisions that seem unusual. After you’ve understood the context and purpose of the code, consider whether your change still makes sense. If it does, go ahead and make it; if it doesn’t, document your reasoning for future readers.

 

특히 비정상적인 결정듀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ§₯락을 μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ„Έμš”. κ·Έ λ§₯락과 μ½”λ“œμ˜ λͺ©μ μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•œ 후에, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μˆ˜μ •μ‚¬ν•­μ΄ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 계속 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ‹œκ³  μˆ˜μ •ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 그렇지 μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄, 미래의 λ…μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 좔둠을 λ¬Έμ„œν™”ν•˜μ„Έμš”.